Overview of Physics Results from NSTX
R. Raman, ..., E. Schuster, et al. (Collaboration Paper)
Nuclear Fusion 51 (2011) 094011 (18pp)
Abstract
|
|
In the last two experimental campaigns, the low aspect ratio NSTX has explored physics issues critical to both toroidal confinement physics
and ITER. Experiments have made extensive use of lithium coatings for wall conditioning, correction of non-axisymmetric field errors and
control of n = 1 resistive wall modes (RWMs) to produce high-performance neutral-beam heated discharges extending to 1.7 s in duration with
non-inductive current fractions up to 0.7. The RWM control coils have been used to trigger repetitive ELMs with high reliability, and they
have also contributed to an improved understanding of both neoclassical tearing mode and RWM stabilization physics, including the interplay
between rotation and kinetic effects on stability. High harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating has produced plasmas with central electron
temperatures exceeding 6 keV. The HHFW heating was used to show that there was a 20-40% higher power threshold for the L-H transition for
helium than for deuterium plasmas. A new diagnostic showed a depletion of the fast-ion density profile over a broad spatial region as a
result of toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) and energetic-particle modes (EPMs) bursts. In addition, it was observed that other
modes (e.g. global Alfven eigenmodes) can trigger TAE and EPM bursts, suggesting that fast ions are redistributed by high-frequency AEs.
The momentum pinch velocity determined by a perturbative technique decreased as the collisionality was reduced, although the pinch to
diffusion ratio, Vpinch /\chi_\phi , remained approximately constant. The mechanisms of deuterium retention by graphite and lithium-coated
graphite plasma-facing components have been investigated. To reduce divertor heat flux, a novel divertor configuration, the `snowflake'
divertor, was tested in NSTX and many beneficial aspects were found. A reduction in the required central solenoid flux has been realized
in NSTX when discharges initiated by coaxial helicity injection were ramped in current using induction. The resulting plasmas have
characteristics needed to meet the objectives of the non-inductive start-up and ramp-up program of NSTX.